In response to the increasing demand for improving global health and with the aim of stimulating positive immune system enhancement, KitoZyme has successfully designed KiOnutrime® Protect, which is a plant-sourced and high purity beta(1,3)-glucan.
Thanks to the following unique benefits, KiOnutrime® Protect is the right ingredient to boost your business:
Self-affirmed GRAS status
High purity ingredient (≥75%)
Safe plant-based beta-glucan derived from mushrooms
Safe and non-allergenic: 100% animal-free, GMO-free, allergen-free
Scientifically-proven ingredient designed to enhance key immune cells
Obtained through a sustainable, biotechnology patented process
Appropriate for use in Kosher, Halal and vegetarian products
Specifications
KiOnutrime® Protect is a high-added-value botanical dietary fiber featuring superior glucan content (≥75%) compared to the other beta-glucans. Furthermore, it has a unique chemical structure: β-1,3 glucan.
KiOnutrime® Protect is a fine beige and insoluble powder.
Formulation
KiOnutrime® Protect can be easily used in all formulations from the standards. These include anything from capsules and tablets to the most innovative forms, e.g. sachets, gums, soft-gel capsules, bars and so on.
How does KiOnutrime® Protect work?
Pathogen neutralization and destruction by neutrophils
Beta-glucans are well-known to activate neutrophils, which are the most abundant class of cells in the immune system. The main function of neutrophils is to internalize pathogens and this is called phagocytosis (step 1 of the pathogen destruction). Beta-glucans also initiate the two following major steps to neutralize pathogens: the oxidative burst (step 2) releases oxidative compounds to kill bacteria, while from there the final step, which is called degranulation (step 3), consists of liberating destructive enzymes to achieve the immune defense process.
Figure 1. Mechanism of action
Proven efficacy
Beta-glucans are glucose polymers that are derived from oats, yeasts or fungi. It is common knowledge that they have immunomodulatory properties, which means that they help the immune system to fight illness more efficiently.
As biological response modifiers, they enhance the following innate immune responses:
Enhance key immune responses without over stimulating the immune system.
Boost the innate immune response of neutrophils
Maintain good health when experiencing stressful situations
Promote overall health, wellness and vitality
Low daily dose: 250 mg or 500 mg
An exhaustive review of the scientific literature identified a representative sample of approximately 100 articles concerning the effect of beta‐glucans on the immune system.
KiOnutrime® Protect decreases health challenges and improves the immune response by supporting the oxidative burst and the degranulation.
In vitro test using a fish model
In vitro test – Oxidative burst (µg/ml)
Figure 1. Recognized method based on the reaction of a florescent probe that reacts with oxygen radicals to generate a fluorescent signal; PMA is a positive control
KiOnutrime® Protect significantly stimulates oxidative burst at 200µg/ml. The test also showed also a clear dose response effect. At high concentration, KiOnutrime® Protect is much more effective than the positive control.
In vitro test – Degranulation (µg/ml)
Figure 2. Measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO) by ELISA. MPO is one of the enzymes released by the neutrophils granules; Calcium ionophore is a positive control
KiOnutrime® Protect significantly stimulates degranulation at 400µg/ml.
In vivo test using a fish model
In vivo test – Degranulation (µg/ml)
Figure 3. This model is transposable to human because direct recognition of pathogens during innate immune response occurs via PPRR. These receptors are proven to be targeted by beta-glucans.
The positive effect of KiOnutrime® Protect was confirmed in the in vivo tests regarding the oxidative burst and the degranulation. It demonstrated a significant effect compared to the placebo
Stress can compromise the immune-system response: In vivo test using a fish model- Degranulation after a stress
Figure 4. Degranulation after a stress
As soon as it occurs, the stress clearly reduces the degranulation. The positive effect of KiOnutrime® Protect on the degranulation process was clearly significant throughout the entire study.
